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// CHP: CNOT-Hadamard-Phase |
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// Stabilizer Quantum Computer Simulator |
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// by Scott Aaronson |
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// Last modified June 30, 2004 |
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// Thanks to Simon Anders and Andrew Cross for bugfixes |
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#include <stdio.h> |
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#include <stdlib.h> |
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#include <string.h> |
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#include <Python.h> |
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#include <time.h> |
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#define CNOT 0 |
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#define HADAMARD 1 |
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#define PHASE 2 |
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#define MEASURE 3 |
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struct QProg |
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// Quantum circuit |
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{ |
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long n; // # of qubits |
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long T; // # of gates |
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char *a; // Instruction opcode |
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long *b; // Qubit 1 |
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long *c; // Qubit 2 (target for CNOT) |
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int DISPQSTATE; // whether to print the state (q for final state only, Q for every iteration) |
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int DISPTIME; // whether to print the execution time |
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int SILENT; // whether NOT to print measurement results |
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int DISPPROG; // whether to print instructions being executed as they're executed |
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int SUPPRESSM; // whether to suppress actual computation of determinate measurement results |
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}; |
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struct QState |
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// Quantum state |
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{ |
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// To save memory and increase speed, the bits are packed 32 to an unsigned long |
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long n; // # of qubits |
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unsigned long **x; // (2n+1)*n matrix for stabilizer/destabilizer x bits (there's one "scratch row" at |
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unsigned long **z; // (2n+1)*n matrix for z bits the bottom) |
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int *r; // Phase bits: 0 for +1, 1 for i, 2 for -1, 3 for -i. Normally either 0 or 2. |
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unsigned long pw[32]; // pw[i] = 2^i |
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long over32; // floor(n/8)+1 |
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}; |
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// Globals |
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struct QProg *h; |
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struct QState *q; |
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void error(int k) |
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{ |
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if (k==0) printf("\nSyntax: chp [-options] <filename> [input]\n"); |
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if (k==1) printf("\nFile not found\n"); |
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exit(0); |
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} |
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void cnot(struct QState *q, long b, long c) |
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// Apply a CNOT gate with control b and target c |
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{ |
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long i; |
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long b5; |
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long c5; |
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unsigned long pwb; |
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unsigned long pwc; |
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b5 = b>>5; |
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c5 = c>>5; |
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pwb = q->pw[b&31]; |
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pwc = q->pw[c&31]; |
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for (i = 0; i < 2*q->n; i++) |
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{ |
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if (q->x[i][b5]&pwb) q->x[i][c5] ^= pwc; |
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if (q->z[i][c5]&pwc) q->z[i][b5] ^= pwb; |
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if ((q->x[i][b5]&pwb) && (q->z[i][c5]&pwc) && |
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(q->x[i][c5]&pwc) && (q->z[i][b5]&pwb)) |
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q->r[i] = (q->r[i]+2)%4; |
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if ((q->x[i][b5]&pwb) && (q->z[i][c5]&pwc) && |
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!(q->x[i][c5]&pwc) && !(q->z[i][b5]&pwb)) |
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q->r[i] = (q->r[i]+2)%4; |
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} |
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return; |
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} |
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void hadamard(struct QState *q, long b) |
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// Apply a Hadamard gate to qubit b |
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{ |
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long i; |
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unsigned long tmp; |
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long b5; |
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unsigned long pw; |
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b5 = b>>5; |
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pw = q->pw[b&31]; |
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for (i = 0; i < 2*q->n; i++) |
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{ |
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tmp = q->x[i][b5]; |
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q->x[i][b5] ^= (q->x[i][b5] ^ q->z[i][b5]) & pw; |
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q->z[i][b5] ^= (q->z[i][b5] ^ tmp) & pw; |
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if ((q->x[i][b5]&pw) && (q->z[i][b5]&pw)) q->r[i] = (q->r[i]+2)%4; |
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} |
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return; |
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} |
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void phase(struct QState *q, long b) |
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// Apply a phase gate (|0>->|0>, |1>->i|1>) to qubit b |
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{ |
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long i; |
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long b5; |
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unsigned long pw; |
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b5 = b>>5; |
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pw = q->pw[b&31]; |
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for (i = 0; i < 2*q->n; i++) |
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{ |
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if ((q->x[i][b5]&pw) && (q->z[i][b5]&pw)) q->r[i] = (q->r[i]+2)%4; |
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q->z[i][b5] ^= q->x[i][b5]&pw; |
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} |
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return; |
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} |
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void rowcopy(struct QState *q, long i, long k) |
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// Sets row i equal to row k |
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{ |
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long j; |
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for (j = 0; j < q->over32; j++) |
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{ |
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q->x[i][j] = q->x[k][j]; |
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q->z[i][j] = q->z[k][j]; |
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} |
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q->r[i] = q->r[k]; |
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return; |
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} |
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void rowswap(struct QState *q, long i, long k) |
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// Swaps row i and row k |
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{ |
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rowcopy(q, 2*q->n, k); |
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rowcopy(q, k, i); |
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rowcopy(q, i, 2*q->n); |
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return; |
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} |
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void rowset(struct QState *q, long i, long b) |
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// Sets row i equal to the bth observable (X_1,...X_n,Z_1,...,Z_n) |
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{ |
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long j; |
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long b5; |
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unsigned long b31; |
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for (j = 0; j < q->over32; j++) |
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{ |
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q->x[i][j] = 0; |
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q->z[i][j] = 0; |
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} |
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q->r[i] = 0; |
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if (b < q->n) |
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{ |
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b5 = b>>5; |
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b31 = b&31; |
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q->x[i][b5] = q->pw[b31]; |
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} |
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else |
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{ |
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b5 = (b - q->n)>>5; |
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b31 = (b - q->n)&31; |
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q->z[i][b5] = q->pw[b31]; |
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} |
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return; |
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} |
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int clifford(struct QState *q, long i, long k) |
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// Return the phase (0,1,2,3) when row i is LEFT-multiplied by row k |
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{ |
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long j; |
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long l; |
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unsigned long pw; |
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long e=0; // Power to which i is raised |
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for (j = 0; j < q->over32; j++) |
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for (l = 0; l < 32; l++) |
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{ |
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pw = q->pw[l]; |
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if ((q->x[k][j]&pw) && (!(q->z[k][j]&pw))) // X |
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{ |
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if ((q->x[i][j]&pw) && (q->z[i][j]&pw)) e++; // XY=iZ |
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if ((!(q->x[i][j]&pw)) && (q->z[i][j]&pw)) e--; // XZ=-iY |
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} |
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if ((q->x[k][j]&pw) && (q->z[k][j]&pw)) // Y |
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{ |
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if ((!(q->x[i][j]&pw)) && (q->z[i][j]&pw)) e++; // YZ=iX |
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if ((q->x[i][j]&pw) && (!(q->z[i][j]&pw))) e--; // YX=-iZ |
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} |
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if ((!(q->x[k][j]&pw)) && (q->z[k][j]&pw)) // Z |
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{ |
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if ((q->x[i][j]&pw) && (!(q->z[i][j]&pw))) e++; // ZX=iY |
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if ((q->x[i][j]&pw) && (q->z[i][j]&pw)) e--; // ZY=-iX |
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} |
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} |
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e = (e+q->r[i]+q->r[k])%4; |
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if (e>=0) return e; |
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else return e+4; |
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} |
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void rowmult(struct QState *q, long i, long k) |
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// Left-multiply row i by row k |
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{ |
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long j; |
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q->r[i] = clifford(q,i,k); |
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for (j = 0; j < q->over32; j++) |
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{ |
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q->x[i][j] ^= q->x[k][j]; |
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q->z[i][j] ^= q->z[k][j]; |
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} |
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return; |
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} |
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void printstate(struct QState *q) |
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// Print the destabilizer and stabilizer for state q |
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{ |
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long i; |
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long j; |
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long j5; |
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unsigned long pw; |
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for (i = 0; i < 2*q->n; i++) |
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{ |
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if (i == q->n) |
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{ |
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printf("\n"); |
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for (j = 0; j < q->n+1; j++) |
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printf("-"); |
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} |
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if (q->r[i]==2) printf("\n-"); |
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else printf("\n+"); |
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for (j = 0; j < q->n; j++) |
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{ |
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j5 = j>>5; |
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pw = q->pw[j&31]; |
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if ((!(q->x[i][j5]&pw)) && (!(q->z[i][j5]&pw))) printf("I"); |
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if ((q->x[i][j5]&pw) && (!(q->z[i][j5]&pw))) printf("X"); |
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if ((q->x[i][j5]&pw) && (q->z[i][j5]&pw)) printf("Y"); |
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if ((!(q->x[i][j5]&pw)) && (q->z[i][j5]&pw)) printf("Z"); |
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} |
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} |
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printf("\n"); |
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return; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
int measure(struct QState *q, long b, int sup) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Measure qubit b |
|
|
|
|
|
// Return 0 if outcome would always be 0 |
|
|
|
|
|
// 1 if outcome would always be 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
// 2 if outcome was random and 0 was chosen |
|
|
|
|
|
// 3 if outcome was random and 1 was chosen |
|
|
|
|
|
// sup: 1 if determinate measurement results should be suppressed, 0 otherwise |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
int ran = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
long i; |
|
|
|
|
|
long p; // pivot row in stabilizer |
|
|
|
|
|
long m; // pivot row in destabilizer |
|
|
|
|
|
long b5; |
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long pw; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
b5 = b>>5; |
|
|
|
|
|
pw = q->pw[b&31]; |
|
|
|
|
|
for (p = 0; p < q->n; p++) // loop over stabilizer generators |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->x[p+q->n][b5]&pw) ran = 1; // if a Zbar does NOT commute with Z_b (the |
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|
|
|
|
if (ran) break; // operator being measured), then outcome is random |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// If outcome is indeterminate |
|
|
|
|
|
if (ran) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
rowcopy(q, p, p + q->n); // Set Xbar_p := Zbar_p |
|
|
|
|
|
rowset(q, p + q->n, b + q->n); // Set Zbar_p := Z_b |
|
|
|
|
|
q->r[p + q->n] = 2*(rand()%2); // moment of quantum randomness |
|
|
|
|
|
for (i = 0; i < 2*q->n; i++) // Now update the Xbar's and Zbar's that don't commute with |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((i!=p) && (q->x[i][b5]&pw)) // Z_b |
|
|
|
|
|
rowmult(q, i, p); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->r[p + q->n]) return 3; |
|
|
|
|
|
else return 2; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// If outcome is determinate |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((!ran) && (!sup)) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
for (m = 0; m < q->n; m++) // Before we were checking if stabilizer generators commute |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->x[m][b5]&pw) break; // with Z_b; now we're checking destabilizer generators |
|
|
|
|
|
rowcopy(q, 2*q->n, m + q->n); |
|
|
|
|
|
for (i = m+1; i < q->n; i++) |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->x[i][b5]&pw) |
|
|
|
|
|
rowmult(q, 2*q->n, i + q->n); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->r[2*q->n]) return 1; |
|
|
|
|
|
else return 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
/*for (i = m+1; i < q->n; i++) |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->x[i][b5]&pw) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
rowmult(q, m + q->n, i + q->n); |
|
|
|
|
|
rowmult(q, i, m); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
return (int)q->r[m + q->n];*/ |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
long gaussian(struct QState *q) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Do Gaussian elimination to put the stabilizer generators in the following form: |
|
|
|
|
|
// At the top, a minimal set of generators containing X's and Y's, in "quasi-upper-triangular" form. |
|
|
|
|
|
// (Return value = number of such generators = log_2 of number of nonzero basis states) |
|
|
|
|
|
// At the bottom, generators containing Z's only in quasi-upper-triangular form. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
long i = q->n; |
|
|
|
|
|
long k; |
|
|
|
|
|
long k2; |
|
|
|
|
|
long j; |
|
|
|
|
|
long j5; |
|
|
|
|
|
long g; // Return value |
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long pw; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (j = 0; j < q->n; j++) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
j5 = j>>5; |
|
|
|
|
|
pw = q->pw[j&31]; |
|
|
|
|
|
for (k = i; k < 2*q->n; k++) // Find a generator containing X in jth column |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->x[k][j5]&pw) break; |
|
|
|
|
|
if (k < 2*q->n) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
rowswap(q, i, k); |
|
|
|
|
|
rowswap(q, i-q->n, k-q->n); |
|
|
|
|
|
for (k2 = i+1; k2 < 2*q->n; k2++) |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->x[k2][j5]&pw) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
rowmult(q, k2, i); // Gaussian elimination step |
|
|
|
|
|
rowmult(q, i-q->n, k2-q->n); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
i++; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
g = i - q->n; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (j = 0; j < q->n; j++) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
j5 = j>>5; |
|
|
|
|
|
pw = q->pw[j&31]; |
|
|
|
|
|
for (k = i; k < 2*q->n; k++) // Find a generator containing Z in jth column |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->z[k][j5]&pw) break; |
|
|
|
|
|
if (k < 2*q->n) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
rowswap(q, i, k); |
|
|
|
|
|
rowswap(q, i-q->n, k-q->n); |
|
|
|
|
|
for (k2 = i+1; k2 < 2*q->n; k2++) |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->z[k2][j5]&pw) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
rowmult(q, k2, i); |
|
|
|
|
|
rowmult(q, i-q->n, k2-q->n); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
i++; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return g; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
long innerprod(struct QState *q1, struct QState *q2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Returns -1 if q1 and q2 are orthogonal |
|
|
|
|
|
// Otherwise, returns a nonnegative integer s such that the inner product is (1/sqrt(2))^s |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void printbasisstate(struct QState *q) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Prints the result of applying the Pauli operator in the "scratch space" of q to |0...0> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
long j; |
|
|
|
|
|
long j5; |
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long pw; |
|
|
|
|
|
int e = q->r[2*q->n]; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (j = 0; j < q->n; j++) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
j5 = j>>5; |
|
|
|
|
|
pw = q->pw[j&31]; |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((q->x[2*q->n][j5]&pw) && (q->z[2*q->n][j5]&pw)) // Pauli operator is "Y" |
|
|
|
|
|
e = (e+1)%4; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
if (e==0) printf("\n +|"); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (e==1) printf("\n+i|"); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (e==2) printf("\n -|"); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (e==3) printf("\n-i|"); |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (j = 0; j < q->n; j++) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
j5 = j>>5; |
|
|
|
|
|
pw = q->pw[j&31]; |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->x[2*q->n][j5]&pw) printf("1"); |
|
|
|
|
|
else printf("0"); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
printf(">"); |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void dumpbasisstate(struct QState *q, PyObject *output, int index) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Dumps the result of applying the Pauli operator in the "scratch space" of q to |0...0> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
long j; |
|
|
|
|
|
long j5; |
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long pw; |
|
|
|
|
|
int e = q->r[2*q->n]; |
|
|
|
|
|
char buffer[1024]; |
|
|
|
|
|
strcpy(buffer, ""); |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (j = 0; j < q->n; j++) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
j5 = j>>5; |
|
|
|
|
|
pw = q->pw[j&31]; |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((q->x[2*q->n][j5]&pw) && (q->z[2*q->n][j5]&pw)) // Pauli operator is "Y" |
|
|
|
|
|
e = (e+1)%4; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
if (e==0) strcat(buffer, "+|"); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (e==1) strcat(buffer, "+i|"); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (e==2) strcat(buffer, "-|"); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (e==3) strcat(buffer, "-i|"); |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
int key; |
|
|
|
|
|
key = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
for (j = 0; j < q->n; j++) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
j5 = j>>5; |
|
|
|
|
|
pw = q->pw[j&31]; |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->x[2*q->n][j5]&pw) key = key ^ (1 << j); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PyDict_SetItem(output, Py_BuildValue("i", key), Py_BuildValue("i", e)); |
|
|
|
|
|
return; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void seed(struct QState *q, long g) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Finds a Pauli operator P such that the basis state P|0...0> occurs with nonzero amplitude in q, and |
|
|
|
|
|
// writes P to the scratch space of q. For this to work, Gaussian elimination must already have been |
|
|
|
|
|
// performed on q. g is the return value from gaussian(q). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
long i; |
|
|
|
|
|
long j; |
|
|
|
|
|
long j5; |
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long pw; |
|
|
|
|
|
int f; |
|
|
|
|
|
long min=0; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
q->r[2*q->n] = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
for (j = 0; j < q->over32; j++) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
q->x[2*q->n][j] = 0; // Wipe the scratch space clean |
|
|
|
|
|
q->z[2*q->n][j] = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
for (i = 2*q->n - 1; i >= q->n + g; i--) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
f = q->r[i]; |
|
|
|
|
|
for (j = q->n - 1; j >= 0; j--) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
j5 = j>>5; |
|
|
|
|
|
pw = q->pw[j&31]; |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->z[i][j5]&pw) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
min = j; |
|
|
|
|
|
if (q->x[2*q->n][j5]&pw) f = (f+2)%4; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
if (f==2) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
j5 = min>>5; |
|
|
|
|
|
pw = q->pw[min&31]; |
|
|
|
|
|
q->x[2*q->n][j5] ^= pw; // Make the seed consistent with the ith equation |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static char act_hadamard_docs[] = "act_hadamard(): Do a Hadamard"; |
|
|
|
|
|
static PyObject* act_hadamard(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
int which; |
|
|
|
|
|
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &which)) { return NULL; } |
|
|
|
|
|
hadamard(q, which); |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Py_INCREF(Py_None); |
|
|
|
|
|
return Py_None; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static char act_phase_docs[] = "act_phase(): Do a phase"; |
|
|
|
|
|
static PyObject* act_phase(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
int which; |
|
|
|
|
|
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &which)) { return NULL; } |
|
|
|
|
|
phase(q, which); |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Py_INCREF(Py_None); |
|
|
|
|
|
return Py_None; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static char act_cnot_docs[] = "act_cnot(): Do a CNOT"; |
|
|
|
|
|
static PyObject* act_cnot(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
int a, b; |
|
|
|
|
|
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii", &a, &b)) { return NULL; } |
|
|
|
|
|
cnot(q, a, b); |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Py_INCREF(Py_None); |
|
|
|
|
|
return Py_None; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static char act_cz_docs[] = "act_cz(): Do a cz"; |
|
|
|
|
|
static PyObject* act_cz(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
int a, b; |
|
|
|
|
|
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii", &a, &b)) { return NULL; } |
|
|
|
|
|
hadamard(q, b); |
|
|
|
|
|
cnot(q, a, b); |
|
|
|
|
|
hadamard(q, b); |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Py_INCREF(Py_None); |
|
|
|
|
|
return Py_None; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
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|
|
static char get_ket_docs[] = "get_ket(): Get the state vector"; |
|
|
|
|
|
static PyObject* get_ket(PyObject* self, PyObject* noarg) |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Print the state in ket notation (warning: could be huge!) |
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|
|
|
{ |
|
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|
|
|
long g; // log_2 of number of nonzero basis states |
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long t; |
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long t2; |
|
|
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|
|
long i; |
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
g = gaussian(q); |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
PyObject *output = PyDict_New(); |
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|
|
if (g > 30) { return output; } |
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
seed(q, g); |
|
|
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|
|
dumpbasisstate(q, output, 0); |
|
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|
|
for (t = 0; t < q->pw[g]-1; t++) |
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|
|
{ |
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|
|
t2 = t ^ (t+1); |
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|
|
for (i = 0; i < g; i++) |
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|
|
if (t2 & q->pw[i]) |
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|
|
rowmult(q, 2*q->n, q->n + i); |
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|
|
dumpbasisstate(q, output, t+1); |
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|
|
} |
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|
|
return output; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
void printket(struct QState *q) |
|
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|
|
|
// Print the state in ket notation (warning: could be huge!) |
|
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|
|
{ |
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|
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|
|
|
long g; // log_2 of number of nonzero basis states |
|
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|
|
unsigned long t; |
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|
|
unsigned long t2; |
|
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|
|
long i; |
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|
|
g = gaussian(q); |
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|
|
printf("\n2^%ld nonzero basis states", g); |
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|
|
if (g > 31) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
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|
|
printf("\nState is WAY too big to print"); |
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|
|
return; |
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|
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|
|
} |
|
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|
|
seed(q, g); |
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|
|
printbasisstate(q); |
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|
|
for (t = 0; t < q->pw[g]-1; t++) |
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|
|
{ |
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|
|
t2 = t ^ (t+1); |
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|
|
for (i = 0; i < g; i++) |
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|
|
if (t2 & q->pw[i]) |
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|
|
rowmult(q, 2*q->n, q->n + i); |
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|
|
printbasisstate(q); |
|
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|
|
} |
|
|
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|
|
printf("\n"); |
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|
|
return; |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
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|
|
void runprog(struct QProg *h, struct QState *q) |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Simulate the quantum circuit |
|
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|
|
{ |
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|
|
long t; |
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|
|
int m; // measurement result |
|
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|
|
time_t tp; |
|
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|
|
double dt; |
|
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|
|
char mvirgin = 1; |
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|
|
time(&tp); |
|
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|
|
for (t = 0; t < h->T; t++) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
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|
|
if (h->a[t]==CNOT) cnot(q,h->b[t],h->c[t]); |
|
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|
|
if (h->a[t]==HADAMARD) hadamard(q,h->b[t]); |
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|
|
if (h->a[t]==PHASE) phase(q,h->b[t]); |
|
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|
|
if (h->a[t]==MEASURE) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
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|
|
if (mvirgin && h->DISPTIME) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
dt = difftime(time(0),tp); |
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\nGate time: %lf seconds", dt); |
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\nTime per 10000 gates: %lf seconds", dt*10000.0f/(h->T - h->n)); |
|
|
|
|
|
time(&tp); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
mvirgin = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
m = measure(q,h->b[t],h->SUPPRESSM); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (!h->SILENT) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\nOutcome of measuring qubit %ld: ", h->b[t]); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (m>1) printf("%d (random)", m-2); |
|
|
|
|
|
else printf("%d", m); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
if (h->DISPPROG) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
if (h->a[t]==CNOT) printf("\nCNOT %ld->%ld", h->b[t], h->c[t]); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (h->a[t]==HADAMARD) printf("\nHadamard %ld", h->b[t]); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (h->a[t]==PHASE) printf("\nPhase %ld", h->b[t]); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\n"); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (h->DISPTIME) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
dt = difftime(time(0),tp); |
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\nMeasurement time: %lf seconds", dt); |
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\nTime per 10000 measurements: %lf seconds\n", dt*10000.0f/h->n); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
if (h->DISPQSTATE) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\nFinal state:"); |
|
|
|
|
|
printstate(q); |
|
|
|
|
|
gaussian(q); |
|
|
|
|
|
printstate(q); |
|
|
|
|
|
printket(q); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
return; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void preparestate(struct QState *q, char *s) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Prepare the initial state's "input" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
long l; |
|
|
|
|
|
long b; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
l = strlen(s); |
|
|
|
|
|
for (b = 0; b < l; b++) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
if (s[b]=='Z') |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
hadamard(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
phase(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
phase(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
hadamard(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
if (s[b]=='x') hadamard(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (s[b]=='X') |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
hadamard(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
phase(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
phase(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
if (s[b]=='y') |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
hadamard(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
phase(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
if (s[b]=='Y') |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
hadamard(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
phase(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
phase(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
phase(q,b); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void initstae_(struct QState *q, long n, char *s) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Initialize state q to have n qubits, and input specified by s |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
long i; |
|
|
|
|
|
long j; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
q->n = n; |
|
|
|
|
|
q->x = malloc((2*q->n + 1) * sizeof(unsigned long*)); |
|
|
|
|
|
q->z = malloc((2*q->n + 1) * sizeof(unsigned long*)); |
|
|
|
|
|
q->r = malloc((2*q->n + 1) * sizeof(int)); |
|
|
|
|
|
q->over32 = (q->n>>5) + 1; |
|
|
|
|
|
q->pw[0] = 1; |
|
|
|
|
|
for (i = 1; i < 32; i++) |
|
|
|
|
|
q->pw[i] = 2*q->pw[i-1]; |
|
|
|
|
|
for (i = 0; i < 2*q->n + 1; i++) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
q->x[i] = malloc(q->over32 * sizeof(unsigned long)); |
|
|
|
|
|
q->z[i] = malloc(q->over32 * sizeof(unsigned long)); |
|
|
|
|
|
for (j = 0; j < q->over32; j++) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
q->x[i][j] = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
q->z[i][j] = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
if (i < q->n) |
|
|
|
|
|
q->x[i][i>>5] = q->pw[i&31]; |
|
|
|
|
|
else if (i < 2*q->n) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
j = i-q->n; |
|
|
|
|
|
q->z[i][j>>5] = q->pw[j&31]; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
q->r[i] = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
if (s) preparestate(q, s); |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void readprog(struct QProg *h, char *fn, char *params) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Read a quantum circuit from filename fn, with optional parameters params |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
long t; |
|
|
|
|
|
char fn2[255]; |
|
|
|
|
|
FILE *fp; |
|
|
|
|
|
char c=0; |
|
|
|
|
|
long val; |
|
|
|
|
|
long l; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
h->DISPQSTATE = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
h->DISPTIME = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
h->SILENT = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
h->DISPPROG = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
h->SUPPRESSM = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
if (params) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
l = strlen(params); |
|
|
|
|
|
for (t = 1; t < l; t++) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((params[t]=='q')||(params[t]=='Q')) h->DISPQSTATE = 1; |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((params[t]=='p')||(params[t]=='P')) h->DISPPROG = 1; |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((params[t]=='t')||(params[t]=='T')) h->DISPTIME = 1; |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((params[t]=='s')||(params[t]=='S')) h->SILENT = 1; |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((params[t]=='m')||(params[t]=='M')) h->SUPPRESSM = 1; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sprintf(fn2, "%s", fn); |
|
|
|
|
|
fp = fopen(fn2, "r"); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (!fp) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
sprintf(fn2, "%s.chp", fn); |
|
|
|
|
|
fp = fopen(fn2, "r"); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (!fp) error(1); |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
while (!feof(fp)&&(c!='#')) |
|
|
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%c", &c); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (c!='#') error(2); |
|
|
|
|
|
h->T = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
h->n = 0; |
|
|
|
|
|
while (!feof(fp)) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%c", &c); |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((c=='\r')||(c=='\n')) |
|
|
|
|
|
continue; |
|
|
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%ld", &val); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (val+1 > h->n) h->n = val+1; |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((c=='c')||(c=='C')) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%ld", &val); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (val+1 > h->n) h->n = val+1; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
h->T++; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
fclose(fp); |
|
|
|
|
|
h->a = malloc(h->T * sizeof(char)); |
|
|
|
|
|
h->b = malloc(h->T * sizeof(long)); |
|
|
|
|
|
h->c = malloc(h->T * sizeof(long)); |
|
|
|
|
|
fp = fopen(fn2, "r"); |
|
|
|
|
|
while (!feof(fp)&&(c!='#')) |
|
|
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%c", &c); |
|
|
|
|
|
t=0; |
|
|
|
|
|
while (!feof(fp)) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%c", &c); |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((c=='\r')||(c=='\n')) |
|
|
|
|
|
continue; |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((c=='c')||(c=='C')) h->a[t] = CNOT; |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((c=='h')||(c=='H')) h->a[t] = HADAMARD; |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((c=='p')||(c=='P')) h->a[t] = PHASE; |
|
|
|
|
|
if ((c=='m')||(c=='M')) h->a[t] = MEASURE; |
|
|
|
|
|
fscanf(fp, "%ld", &h->b[t]); |
|
|
|
|
|
if (h->a[t]==CNOT) fscanf(fp, "%ld", &h->c[t]); |
|
|
|
|
|
t++; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
fclose(fp); |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
static char init_docs[] = "init(nqubits): Initialize with n qubits"; |
|
|
|
|
|
static PyObject* init(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) |
|
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
|
int nqubits; |
|
|
|
|
|
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &nqubits)) { return NULL; } |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
srand(time(0)); |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
h = malloc(sizeof(struct QProg)); |
|
|
|
|
|
q = malloc(sizeof(struct QState)); |
|
|
|
|
|
initstae_(q,nqubits,NULL); |
|
|
|
|
|
PyObject *response = Py_BuildValue("i", nqubits); |
|
|
|
|
|
return response; |
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
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static PyMethodDef chp_funcs[] = { |
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{"init", (PyCFunction)init, METH_VARARGS, init_docs}, |
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{"get_ket", (PyCFunction)get_ket, METH_NOARGS, get_ket_docs}, |
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{"act_hadamard", (PyCFunction)act_hadamard, METH_VARARGS, act_hadamard_docs}, |
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{"act_cnot", (PyCFunction)act_cnot, METH_VARARGS, act_cnot_docs}, |
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{"act_cz", (PyCFunction)act_cz, METH_VARARGS, act_cz_docs}, |
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{"act_phase", (PyCFunction)act_phase, METH_VARARGS, act_phase_docs}, |
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{NULL} |
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}; |
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void initchp(int argc, char **argv) |
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{ |
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Py_InitModule3("chp", chp_funcs, "CHP"); |
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} |
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